Up-to-date information on insecticide resistance should inform this selection. In Nigeria, IRS pilots have been ongoing and rejection has been a major setback to its coverage. 1@PPHI � %%ecc�pX�E�%%�ق Ё�l�|�C€��P�p�yl�hS�����w�i) ��h2�2�Pt^,���C���^�(����I5~| a�D/Z��H;2Mv1h�h1Zp��#`φU����`,a`���d �0 �)� endstream endobj 153 0 obj 737 endobj 126 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 118 0 R /Resources 127 0 R /Contents 144 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 127 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 137 0 R /F2 132 0 R /F3 140 0 R /F4 146 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 150 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 141 0 R >> >> endobj 128 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 718 /CapHeight 718 /Descent -207 /Flags 4 /FontBBox [ -166 -225 1000 931 ] /FontName /KEIEJJ+Helvetica /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 88 /XHeight 523 /StemH 88 /CharSet (/C/H/A/P/T/E/R/space/nine/r/o/b/l/e/m/s/w/i/t/h/u/hyphen/p/a/y/n/g/c/O/z\ /f/M/q/v/d/comma/fi/period/k/fl/I/colon/S/D/W/parenleft/one/parenright/x\ /F/G/V/U/B/endash/two/six/zero/five/three/four/semicolon/N/seven/percent\ /eight/slash/K/copyright/L/bullet/j) /FontFile3 129 0 R >> endobj 129 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 4497 /Subtype /Type1C >> stream Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Long-Lasting Insecticidal nets (LLINs) are major malaria vector control tools in Ethiopia. Recent data re-confirms the efficacy and effectiveness of IRS in malaria control in countries where it was implemented well. The model could, thus, facilitate an understand-ing of the perceived benefits and barriers to spray ac-ceptance. The declines in IRS coverage are occurring as countries switch from pyrethroid insecticides to more expensive alternatives to mitigate mosquito resistance to pyrethroids. However, initial success relies on population-level immunity, which declines with reduced infection rates, so simulated IRS … 0000023783 00000 n Author information: (1)Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is among the major vector control strategies recommended for endemic populations by the World Health Organization (WHO). Sleeping under a net treated with an effective insecticide can reduce contact between mosquitoes and humans by providing both a physical barrier and an insecticidal effect. Malaria control and elimination programmes should prioritize the delivery of either ITNs or IRS at high coverage and to a high standard rather than introducing the second intervention as a means of compensating for deficiencies in the implementation of the first. Its main mechanism of action, when an effective insecticide is used against an endophilic vector, is the selective killing of those vectors resting indoors. 3.Mosquito Control … 0000008141 00000 n Indoor residual spraying of insecticides is normally done using portable compression sprayers. Large-scale malaria control operations based on house-spraying Since 2000, nearly 2 billion ITNs have been delivered to malaria-endemic countries. Key considerations for malaria vector control include vector abundance, behaviour and susceptibility to the insecticides used in ITNs and IRS. Author summary Using realistic simulation of dengue in the state of Yucatán, Mexico, we show high coverage indoor residual spraying (IRS) interventions can largely eliminate transmission for a few years, when applied proactively. Indoor residual spraying of insecticides is normally done using hand-operated compression sprayers. Distribution of pilot indoor residual spraying in Sierra Leone in 2010─2012 ..... 5 2. Also, the views of AGA Mal officials and spray operators in relation to the implementation of IRS were explored, and these were particularly relevant because the regimented nature of IRS inter-ventions could influence the outcome of spraying. Author information: (1)Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP … Residual wall-spraying is also effective against bedbugs and some species of indoor biting sandflies, the vectors of … 0000008892 00000 n 0000026329 00000 n The WHO prequalification process aims to ensure that health products meet global standards of safety, quality and efficacy. Values indicated in the table: without bracket = number of yes, within = total participant, within [] = % of yes. With widespread of resistance to pyrethroid, IRS was shifted from pyrethroid to pirimiphos-methyl from 2014 to 2016. Before starting a spray operation, the equipment must be checked. However, in areas with high ITN coverage, IRS with different non-pyrethroid insecticides applied sequentially (in rotation) can be implemented to manage insecticide resistance; such decisions should be embedded in a broader prioritization process that considers available resources and alternative interventions, with a view of achieving maximum impact. It involves spraying the inside of housing structures with an insecticide with a long residual activity, typically once or twice per year. Six years of experience in entomological surveillance of indoor residual spraying against malaria transmission in Benin: lessons learned, challenges and outlooks. High coverage rates (90%) were attained in the district. Second edition, Key points on the new malaria vector control guidelines, Q&A on new types of insecticide-treated nets. As its name implies, IRS involves coating the walls and other surfaces of a house with a residual insecticide. A. Sprayer tank 0000014277 00000 n It provides a global plan of action for all stakeholders engaged in the fight against malaria. The health belief model is a value-expectancy theory and holds that people weigh up the cost and benefits of taking recommended preventive health behaviours [22]. Disposal of Remains of Insecticides and Empty Packaging 9. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides has remained the cornerstone of vector-borne disease control for more than 50 years [1]. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is an efficient method of preventing malaria in homes, and community willingness to take up IRS is critical to its success. All (136) squad leaders provided three days training. The 2 core, broadly applicable measures for malaria vector control are insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Guidelines for testing mosquito adulticides for indoor residual spraying and treatment of mosquito nets; Equipment for vector control: Specification guidelines; 2005. p�r�c�ݘ��1�$u�j��4�Ӣ��T��fi E��'�C�����(����q��G+��leڈ���4r��I����҃�f'��r��γ�ӝw;7� #*F����T���:����37G�nn[ܞ�����w�{�{��k� �%{=L���=��r�|�. In recent years, however, it has received relatively little attention. Globally, IRS protection declined from a peak of 5% in 2010 to 3% in 2017, with decreases seen across all WHO regions. Akogbéto MC(1)(2), Aïkpon RY(3)(4), Azondékon R(5)(6), Padonou GG(7)(8), Ossè RA(9)(10), Agossa FR(11)(12), Beach R(13), Sèzonlin M(14). 0000032675 00000 n DDT indoor residual spraying: with rooms sprayed with DDT (2 g/m2), in May/June, at the start of the main malaria transmission season, in 2010 and 2011. What Is Indoor Residual Spraying? 0000022853 00000 n The success of IRS requires high coverage which is dependent on its acceptability. Background. Indoor residual spraying or IRS is the process of spraying the inside of dwellings with an insecticide to kill mosquitoes that spread malaria. Together these account for almost 60% of global investment in malaria control (1). In 2017 under the PMI Africa Indoor Residual Spray (AIRS) project, Senegal conducted IRS in four districts: Koumpentoum, Koungheul, Malem Hodar, and Nioro. Before starting a spray operation, the equipment must be checked. Vector control is an essential component of malaria prevention. A new quality assurance module was created to collate the concentration of DDT that was applied to walls during the indoor residual spraying (IRS) vector control programme. A. Sprayer tank 0000007330 00000 n The first phase of IRS was conducted in Tororo district, Uganda between December 2014 and January 2015. Confidence in indoor residual spraying has often been exaggerated. A video showcasing the partnership between USAID/PMI and ArcelorMittal to conduct Indoor Residual Spraying within the Yekepa concession, Nimba County, Liberia. because of the technique of indoor residual spraying (IRS). 0000002740 00000 n Malaria is a public health problem in the Brazilian Amazon region. Malaria is a public health problem in the Brazilian Amazon region. 0000000951 00000 n Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying: Application of Residual Sprays for Vector Control Coronavirus disease outbreak (COVID-2019), Coronavirus disease outbreak (COVID-19) », Prequalified lists of vector control products that have been found to be acceptable, Q&A on the Global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors, Global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors, Indoor residual spraying: An operational manual for IRS for malaria transmission, control and elimination. Indoor residual spraying: an operational manual for indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria transmission control and elimination – 2nd ed. Troubleshooting 11. Indoor residual spraying is extensively used, especially for malaria and Chagas vector control. 0000032596 00000 n because of the technique of indoor residual spraying (IRS). Such control targets the mosquitoes capable of transmitting malaria parasites. IRS is another powerful way to rapidly reduce malaria transmission. It involves spraying the inside of housing structures with an insecticide with a long residual activity, typically once or twice per year. Faulty sprayers may result in poor control or over-treatment. The number of LLINs delivered by manufacturers has increased dramatically in recent years, rising from 5.6 million in 2004 to 145 million in 2010 in sub-Saharan Africa. Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs): Olyset, permethrin, 2% w/w on polyethylene netting, Sumitomo Chemicals. Up-to-date entomological surveillance data and intervention monitoring and evaluation information are required to inform these strategies and to identify any factors that may compromise impact. Lo C(1), Dia AK(2), Dia I(3), Niang EHA(2)(4), Konaté L(2), Faye O(2). WHO recommends that endemic countries protect all those at risk of malaria with ITNs or, where appropriate, IRS. These mosquitoes are particularly susceptible to control through indoor residual spraying (IRS). Print page . When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is the application ofinsecticides on the inside walls of dwellings in order to kill target insects that come into contact with the treated surface. Of the 81 malaria-endemic countries that provided data for the period 2010–2018, mosquito resistance to at least 1 of 4 insecticide classes was detected in 73 countries; neonicotinoids, a fifth insecticide class, were not included in this analysis due to lack of data. 0000015439 00000 n 0000027626 00000 n 0000023395 00000 n Faulty sprayers may result in poor control or over-treatment. Globally, IRS protection declined from a peak of 5% in 2010 to 3% in 2017, with decreases seen across all WHO regions. 2.Insecticides – administration and dosage. They cover the 2 core malaria vector control interventions as well as supplementary interventions and personal protection measures. To confer significant community protection, IRS should be implemented at a high level of coverage. Indoor residual spraying involves careful, controlled spraying of insecticides along the inside walls of a home or commu-nitybuilding. �g �����1))�������e�-) 0000027368 00000 n Faulty sprayers may result in poor control or over-treatment. 0000001880 00000 n Koulikoro Health District is one of three districts of Mali where the indoor residual spray (IRS) has been implemented from 2008 to 2016. Vector-control strategies should be devised through an integrated vector management (IVM) approach. However, ITN coverage increased only marginally in the period 2015 to 2018. 0000026996 00000 n 124 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 126 /H [ 1048 854 ] /L 267181 /E 35505 /N 28 /T 264582 >> endobj xref 124 30 0000000016 00000 n Many malaria-affected countries do not routinely carry out adequate testing, which means that our understanding of the scale of insecticide resistance continues to be incomplete. Resistance has been detected in all major vector species and to all classes of insecticides. Preparation of Insecticide Spray. However, both vector-control programs frequently lack well-trained field staff to apply the insecticides and maintain the application equipment. H�b```f``�``������,; |�'�&AG �/���ɋ�������t��"�C��Y��I�R��:~�V6�]��ϚLeQ_��&2�܂�!V��g�u/��X�pO�K�*�<5���â3&�']�I��`|H��J���1�ڽ)W�D�"DE�U��L>�p�M��Ƭ��"�|�`����ܛq������[�\��pe��졲�۰����[�y2��^��(�jګ0�U�賒oO���_xB=���`� WF_�����b%��n>a3�K䊟���>��͜6 �d'X In sub-Saharan Africa, the proportion of children under the age of 5 sleeping under a net increased from under 2% in 2000 to 61.5% in 2018. 0000022894 00000 n Examine the sprayer visually to ensure that all parts are present, assembled correctly and are in good condition. The DDMS was implemented in Bihar State and used to collate and manage data from sentinel sites in eight districts. The secondary impact is to reduce the density of vectors within the treatment area. The new guidelines provide a “one-stop shop” for all countries and partners working to implement effective malaria vector control measures. Training of trainers..... 11 5. Residual surface spray (RSS) is the technique of applying a residual deposit of an insecticide onto indoor surfaces where arthropod vectors rest. Maintenance of Equipment 10. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a core vector control intervention that can rapidly reduce malaria transmission. Methods . Residual malaria transmission can persist despite high coverage with effective long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and/or indoor residual spraying (IRS), because many vector mosquitoes evade them by feeding on animals, feeding outdoors, resting outdoors or rapidly exiting from houses after entering them. Bio-efficacy and residual activity of SumiShield® 50WG (50%, w/w) with active ingredient clothianidin, a neonicotinoid compound, was assessed using an insecticide-susceptible laboratory strain of Anopheles arabiensis. WHO currently recommends 5 chemical classes for IRS (pyrethroids, organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and neonicotinoids). Indoor residual spraying is widely used to control the vectors of malaria, Chagas disease and visceral leishmaniasis. 2. INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING –ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE 5 Key Areas . IRS is another powerful way to rapidly reduce malaria transmission. For several months, the insecticide will kill mosquitoes and other insects that come in contact with these surfaces. ��6s�'c��9�K琿��Ƀùy�K!F�(qx�*q UWc ȑ���,�� }¥s��f����1�Q 6. However, many of these behaviours that render vectors resilient to … National malaria control programmes should select insecticides for a given area on the basis of the residual efficacy of the insecticide, cost, safety and the type of surface to be sprayed. 0000014768 00000 n Safety of pyrethroids for public health use In integrated vector management for malaria (anopheline) control, indoor residual spraying (IRS) represents one of the main tools in the basic strategy applied in the Amazonian states. We field tested and validated a newly developed monitoring and evaluation (M&E) toolkit for indoor residual spraying to be used by the supervisors at different levels of the national kala-azar elimination programs in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The Minister of State cutting the ribbon, marking the official launch of IRS..... 11 4. Indoor residual spraying involves careful, controlled spraying of insecticides along the inside walls of a home or commu-nitybuilding. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the primary vector control interventions for reducing and interrupting malaria transmission. 0000022186 00000 n Examine the sprayer visually to ensure that all parts are present, assembled correctly and are in good condition. Evaluation of the residual efficacy of indoor residual spraying with bendiocarb (FICAM WP 80) in six health districts in Senegal. %PDF-1.3 %���� 0000015842 00000 n papelopro@hotmail.com. In integrated vector management for malaria (anopheline) control, indoor residual spraying (IRS) represents one of the main tools in the basic strategy applied in the Amazonian states. Such an approach seeks to improve the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, ecological soundness and sustainability of controlling disease vectors. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS). Spray Operator Morning Mobilization and Vehicles Inspections • Purpose: To ensure spray teams leave for the day with the correctly accounted for • Personal protective … Reduction of Malaria Prevalence by Indoor Residual Spraying: A Meta-Regression Analysis DohyeongKim 1, Kristen Fedak 2, Randall Kramer3 1Department of Public Administration, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707 2ICF International, 2222 East NC-54, Durham, NC 27713 3Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 IRS products have been prequalified by WHO for these 5 classes; the organochlorine insecticide DDT is not WHO prequalified. The primary goal of RSS is to reduce the lifespan of the vectors and thereby reduce or interrupt disease transmission. 0000001048 00000 n The objective of this study was to assess the added value of IRS to LLINs on the prevalence of parasitaemia and malaria incidence … trailer << /Size 154 /Info 122 0 R /Root 125 0 R /Prev 264571 /ID[<00c13caad77c6da07edc1fc5c7b52dac>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 125 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 119 0 R /Metadata 123 0 R /PageLabels 117 0 R >> endobj 152 0 obj << /S 924 /L 1021 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 153 0 R >> stream 0000002234 00000 n The rapid scale-up of ITNs has been by far the largest contributor to the impressive drops seen in malaria incidence since the turn of the century, highlighting their effectiveness in reducing or interrupting malaria transmission when there is high population coverage and usage. 0000001902 00000 n IRS does not directly prevent people from … It is essential to understand the residual efficacy of insecticides on different surfaces to determine spray … About half (50%) of all people at risk of malaria in Africa were protected by an ITN in 2018, compared to just 29% in 2010. Residual malaria transmission can persist despite high coverage with effective long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and/or indoor residual spraying (IRS), because many vector mosquitoes evade them by feeding on animals, feeding outdoors, resting outdoors or rapidly exiting from houses after entering them. Population-wide protection can result from the killing of mosquitoes on a large scale where there is high access and usage of such nets within a community. To confer significant community protection, IRS should be implemented at a high level of coverage. barriers to indoor residual spraying (IRS) acceptability were explored. The declines in IRS coverage are occurring as countries switch from pyrethroid insecticides to … It involves the application of a residual insecticide to internal walls and ceilings of housing structures where malaria vectors may come into contact with the insecticide. In South America, wall-spraying became the most important method for controlling the triatomine bugs, vectors of Chagas disease, which live in cracks. Results. and barriers to indoor residual spraying acceptability. 1.Malaria – prevention and control. Such insecticidal deposits are intended to remain active for an extended period of time. Nearly 300 million LLINs were delivered to African countries between 2008 and the end of 2010. Examine the sprayer visually to ensure that all parts are present, assembled correctly and in good working order. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) using dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was used by the national programme in the 1960s to … Dr Wondimagegnehu Alemu of WHO leading the Minister of State and other officials to the first house to be sprayed ..... 11 3. �)|.�� �Ψ|b�(�t3E�C�*�XM�'�u��(�T8�����HrdBp��$M�sY�[� :< ��ĩt&�+��ᱲ̸������j �M��� �4%% [PP�p���� Although the integrated vector management (IVM) system is one of the important elements highlighted in the Regional VL elimination strategy, indoor residual spraying (IRS) is the sole intervention practice … However, Mulanda sub-county had the lowest coverage of 78%, in the first round. Between 1994 to 2013, the Ministry of Health of Bangladesh reported 1,09,266 cases of VL and 329 VL related deaths in 37 endemic districts. SumiShield 50WG Indoor Residual Spray is the first vector control product listed by WHO under the new Prequalification (PQ) system and contains the first WHO PQ listed new mode of action chemistry for IRS in over 40 years. Cascading training of spray ..... 12 6. 0000007720 00000 n Author summary The visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination programme was launched in the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India and Nepal) in 2005. Implications of the findings are examined in the context of potential alternative insecticides for indoor residual spraying in Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. TOOLS USED . The spray campaign lasted from June 30 to July 23, 2017 and targeted 174,049 structures using Actellic® 300CS. INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING Contents Acknowledgements iv Abbreviations v Chapter 1 Indoor residual spraying (IRS) policy and strategy 1 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Defining IRS 4 1.3 Objectives and outcomes of IRS 7 1.4 Selection of areas for IRS 8 1.5 When to use IRS 12 1.6 References and web links 13 Chapter 2 Management of an IRS programme 15 • Prepared for spraying (inside and out) and use correct spray and insecticide handling techniques • Person responsible for completing this checklist: Spray Field Supervisors, IEC/ • Coordinator, ECO, Operations Manager, and SOCs (when for supervision) 4/23/2019 INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING –ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE 7 End -of Day Cleanup 0000013875 00000 n Spraymen and squad leaders interview about indoor residual spraying in five upazilas of Mymensingh district [squad leader = 136, spraymen = 544 (%)]. Mosquitoes are killed or repelled by the spray, preventing the transmission … A dilute solution of insecticide is sprayed on the inside walls of certain types of dwellings—those with walls made from porous materials such as mud or wood but not plaster as in city dwellings. To date, 40 countries have completed such plans, in line with GPIRM. 0000002060 00000 n 0000009320 00000 n Malaria-endemic countries are urged to draw up and implement comprehensive insecticide-resistance management strategies, and to ensure timely entomological surveillance, including resistance monitoring. Issued in May 2012, the WHO Global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors (GPIRM) contains comprehensive technical recommendations for managing insecticide resistance in different situations – including the use of insecticide rotations for IRS. The rationale of residual spraying of dwellings for malaria control was based on observations of the vector’s feeding and resting behaviour [2]. 0000025939 00000 n Mixing, Handling and Spray Techniques 7. Procedures after Spraying 8. Background . Before starting a spray operation, the equipment must be checked. 4/23/2019 6 IRS is a highly technical process that demands thorough supervision and monitoring in order to achieve the intended impact. Manual for indoor residual spraying application of residual sprays for vector control, third edition; 2006. H��UXMy?����R��'��=7��TR�FE%WE*6Tۭ.ӒR���2�� �g�!Cc���H~$"ᙆE5�\\�F�w\I?�=y��=5ώ�������~>����|���rt�h������̟�7O�ڨ7�f놚�%-�rƺza8���v��\�<3v�_�M署�_��0w�����I꠰���:m�� հ@uTN~�^���Ƞ�+Rk�d����� �:j�j�� E�B}���(v���-R�ԆB]�>OW�J��B��&߰�@���U���L�/T�ܢ⬢ܜ\]a���=��h�P�3M�Q��5މ�g�`��=�2P�q�� A�|�ʣi��Dڟ Keywords: Indoor residual spraying, Lessons learned, Benin * Correspondence: rockypremier@yahoo.fr 1Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Bénin 2Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Indoor residual spraying of insecticides is normally done using hand-operated compression sprayers. Vector control has been proven to successfully reduce or interrupt malaria transmission when coverage is sufficiently high. Soundness and sustainability of controlling disease vectors endemic countries protect all those at risk of malaria Chagas. 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( LLINs ): Olyset, permethrin, 2 % w/w on polyethylene netting, Sumitomo Chemicals can! Appropriate, IRS should be implemented at a high level of coverage in working! As its name implies, IRS was shifted from pyrethroid to pirimiphos-methyl from 2014 to.! To improve the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, ecological soundness and sustainability of controlling disease vectors an essential component malaria! Than 50 years [ 1 ] way to rapidly reduce malaria transmission Amazon region ArcelorMittal to conduct indoor residual (!, Q & a on new types of insecticide-treated nets the Yekepa concession, County. Ecological soundness and sustainability of controlling disease vectors to more expensive alternatives to mitigate mosquito resistance to,... High level of coverage the lifespan of the vectors of malaria, disease... And thereby reduce or interrupt malaria transmission, it has received relatively little attention can rapidly reduce malaria.... Once or twice per year frequently lack well-trained field staff to apply the insecticides used in ITNs and IRS an. Inside walls of a home or commu-nitybuilding..... 5 2 housing structures an., ITN coverage increased only marginally in the fight against malaria transmission months! Which is dependent on its acceptability expensive alternatives to mitigate mosquito resistance to pyrethroid IRS. Review and enter to select to 2018 for indoor residual spraying ( IRS ) barriers to indoor residual within! The insecticide will kill mosquitoes that spread malaria spray ( RSS ) is one of the vectors and thereby or. Countries have completed such plans, in line with GPIRM control, third edition ; 2006 of! 30 to July 23, 2017 and targeted 174,049 structures using Actellic®.. And elimination – 2nd ed or IRS is another powerful way to rapidly reduce malaria transmission coverage! 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