Newfoundland and Labrador is the most easterly part of North America, and its position on the Atlantic has given it a strategic importance in defense, transportation, and communications. The magnificent Mealy Mountain Range peaks at 1,000 meters (3,280 ft), and most of it makes up a part of the National Park Reserve. In 1499 and 1500, the Portuguese explorers João Fernandes Lavrador and Pro de Barcelos reached what was probably now Labrador, which is believed to be the origin of its name. 5. On the extreme northeast promontory of North America, Maggiolo place-names include Terra de los Ingres (Land of the English), and Terra de Lavorador de rey de portugall (Land of Lavrador of the King of Portugal). Autumn is generally short, lasting only a couple of weeks and is typically cool and cloudy. Prior to the 1995 Quebec sovereignty referendum, Parti Québécois Premier Jacques Parizeau indicated that, in the event of a "yes" vote, a sovereign Quebec under his leadership would recognise the 1927 border. The Settlement area comprises the majority of Labrador's North Coast, while the land-use area also includes land farther to the interior and in Central Labrador. This area is predominantly Inuit, with the exception of a small Innu community, Natuashish. Labrador can be divided into four geographical regions: the North Coast, Central Labrador, Western Labrador, and the South Coast. Today the remaining stations are automated as part of the North Warning System, however the military settlements during the early part of the Cold War surrounding these stations have largely continued as local Innu and Inuit populations have clustered near their port and airfield facilities. It is believed that the Norsemen were the first Europeans to sight Labrador around 1000 AD, but no Norse remains have been found on the North American mainland. From the 1970s to early 2000s, the Trans-Labrador Highway was built in stages to connect various inland communities with the North American highway network at Mont Wright, Quebec (which in turn is connected by a highway running north from Baie-Comeau, Quebec). Today, Serco, the company contracted to operate CFB Goose Bay is one of the largest employers for the community of Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. As Canada and Newfoundland were separate Dominions, but both within the British Empire, the matter was referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council[9] (in London). Newfoundland and Labrador - Employment Standards 2 Benefit Eligibility The minimum standards of employment apply to all employees regardless of the number of hours worked each week. The northern Inuit self-government region of Nunatsiavut was created in 2005[13] through agreements with the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Government of Canada. The Iron Ore Company of Canada operates the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway to transport ore concentrate 578 kilometres (359 miles) south to the port of Sept-Îles, Quebec, for shipment to steel mills in North America and elsewhere. Pour le Québec, cette frontière n'a donc jamais été définitivement arrêtée. The island of Newfoundland is the most easterly part of Canada, while the vast region of Labrador is largely inaccessible. The station is now exhibited in the Canadian War Museum.[6]. Labrador is bordered to the north and east by the Labrador Sea (northwestern arm of the Atlantic Ocean) and to the south and west by the province of Quebec. Formerly, Labrador was part of a riding that included part of the Island of Newfoundland. The station broadcast weather observations to the German navy for only a few days, but was not discovered until the 1980s when a historian, working with the Canadian Coast Guard, identified its location and mounted an expedition to recover it. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The hydroelectric dam at Churchill Falls is the second-largest underground power station in the world. The Canadian constitution was amended to make this happen. Updates? And in Newfoundland and Labrador, ours are the best of the best. 2001: The province officially changes its name to, 2007: The province and Federal Government of Canada sign an agreement to establish, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 17:36. The Labrador Boundary Dispute was a Quebec-Newfoundland and Labrador border dispute that started in 1927. Omissions? … Of perhaps greater significance have been the great fish stocks that inhabited the Grand Banks and other fishing grounds to the east and south of Newfoundland, spurring the development of numerous communities stretched along some 14,400 miles (23,200 km) of deeply indented wave-battered seacoast. Route 389 and the Trans-Labrador Highway were added to Canada's National Highway System in September 2005. It includes portions of Central and Western Labrador, but more NunatuKavummiut reside in its South Coast portion: it is peppered with tiny Inuit fishing communities, of which Cartwright is the largest. The mountains give way to a plateau that slopes gently downward to the northeastern coast, with its many headlands, islands, and bays. January 6—the Feast of the Epiphany, and the liturgical end of the Christmas season—is also known as Old Christmas Day in many parts of Newfoundland and Labrador. Central Labrador extends from the shores of Lake Melville into the interior. From Cape Charles to the Quebec/Labrador coastal border, the Straits is known for its Labrador sea grass (as is NunatuKavut) and the multitude of icebergs that pass by the coast via the Labrador Current. Using the elements the committee had found to be uppermost in the minds of the public, Newfoundland artist, Christopher Pratt, drafted many proposals, six of which he submitted to the committee. A Cormack business is hoping to be a big part of a provincial initiative to open up the market for Newfoundland ... it would be the first federal facility of its kind in Newfoundland and Labrador. Newfoundland and Labrador's varied landscape was shaped by the ice ages, leaving a ragged coastline of deep fjords and high coastal cliffs that plunge into the sea. The aboriginal peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern Inuit-Métis of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.[2]. Newfoundland and Labrador business counts with employees, by NAICS category 2019 Canada: labor productivity Newfoundland and Labrador, by industry 2019 The most important statistics L'Anse-au-Clair is a small town on the Labrador side of the border. These forces have produced a highly complex geologic structure, with ancient rocks of Europe and Africa on the east, newer Appalachian rocks on the west, and the bed of the ancient ocean squeezed up between them. The border between Labrador and Canada was set on 1 March 1927, after a five-year trial. 1927: Labrador boundary with Quebec determined by arbitration decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of London. [11], [The ministers reiterate that no Quebec government has ever formally recognised the drawing of the border between Quebec and Newfoundland in the Labrador peninsula according to the opinion rendered by the London Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1927. Winters are long, cold, and extremely snowy, due to the Icelandic Low. Labrador is divided into four provincial electoral districts in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The Southern Inuit of NunatuKavut, who are also seeking self-government, have their land claim before the Government of Canada. For the first seven decades or so of the sixteenth century, the name Labrador was sometimes also applied to what we know as Greenland. Red Bay is known as one of the best examples of a preserved 16th-century Basque whaling station. Pop. Professor Emeritus of History, Memorial University, St. James, Newfoundland. The North Coast is the most isolated region of Labrador, with snowmobiles, boats, and planes being the only modern modes of transportation. https://www.britannica.com/place/Newfoundland-and-Labrador, CRW Flags - Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, Official Tourism Site of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, Official Site of the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, Memorial University of Newfoundland - Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage, Newfoundland and Labrador - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Newfoundland and Labrador - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). It is the one place to find all government services and information. Springtime most years does not arrive until late April, with the last snow fall usually falling during early June. This is believed to be João Fernandes. MV Kamutik, a passenger ferry between the mainland and St. Barbe on the island of Newfoundland, is based in Blanc Sablon, Quebec, near the Labrador border. [19], This article is about the region in Canada. It is also the location of four 16th-century Spanish galleons. However, in 1809 the British Imperial government detached Labrador from Lower Canada for transfer to the separate, self-governing Newfoundland Colony. [8] Newfoundland argued it extended to the height of land, while Canada, stressing the historical use of the term "Coasts of Labrador", argued the boundary was 1 statute mile (1.6 km) inland from the high-tide mark. Formerly known as just “Newfoundland” when it was a colony, dominion, and province, in 2001 they officially changed the name to Newfoundland and Labrador to reflect the larger chunk of land on the continental mainland. 11 – Innu Traditional Territory", "Labrador Inuit land claim passes last hurdle", "Government of Newfoundland Consultation Policy", "Statistics Canada, Census Profile, 2016 Census", "Statistics Canada, 2011 Census of Population", "Report on explorations in the Labrador peninsula along the East Main, Koksoak, Hamilton, Manicuagan and portions of other rivers in 1892–93–94–95", Portuguese colonialism in the East Indies, Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Labrador&oldid=995744063, Articles needing additional references from May 2013, All articles needing additional references, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1774: Labrador is transferred (along with. 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