The health of southern forests. Phytophthora alni. 4). Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar. 365 (Abstr.). associated with anthracnose of dogwood in the Pacific Northwest. Bugwood Wiki. 1992, Hoffard et al. 32:61-73. Images of dogwood anthracnose infections. 80:349-357. Plant Disease. Dogwood anthracnose is a relatively new disease to North America. Cooperative Extension Service. Fall color is purplish to red. Discula destructiva sp. References Cited Discula sp. Britton, and W.T. 1996), Fungal disease of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) trees (Daughtrey et al. Anthracnose infection of dogwood seedlings exposed to natural inoculum in western North Carolina. (ed.). This work is supported by New Technologies for Agriculture Extension grant no. Large C. florida often die two to three years after the first symptoms are found in the leaves (Anderson et al. Parasitic fungus affects region’s dogwood. Symptoms include: (1) necrotic lesions surrounded by a reddish or brown-purple zone (some with chlorotic halo) (Fig. Want create site? Beyond this aesthetic loss, the absence of native dogwoods and their fruits is probably detrimental to wildlife. Anthracnose infection of dogwood seedlings exposed to natural inoculum in western North Carolina. Blighting commonly occurs throughout the canopy of understory C. florida, or within the interior canopy or on epicormic branches of exposed trees. Dogwood anthracnose in northeastern United States. Windham. Plant Disease. Figure 1. Cornus florida, the flowering dogwood, is a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico.An endemic population once spanned from southernmost coastal Maine south to northern Florida and west to the Mississippi River. Leaves are dark green with bright yellow flowers. 1992. As of 1999, anthracnose had killed 49.7 percent of the native dogwood trees in 24 western counties of North Carolina (USFS 2001). Cornell University. Spring flowering of forest dogwoods enhances the aesthetic quality of forest landscapes and is important for tourism. Daughtrey, J.L., C.R. Disease severity in the South seems to be more intense at higher elevations. Found 59 Resources Page 1 of 1. 1983. Plant Disease. Figures 2-4. 1992). Anderson, R.L., J.L. Forest Service Protection Report 26, p. 19. Researchers also speculate that climatic changes and droughts may have predisposed trees to infection, thus causing coincidental outbreaks in the Northeast and the Pacific Northwest (Anderson et al. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Their loss could hasten soil acidification, reduce nutrient availability, and influence numerous ecological relationships (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). Finding the disease distinct from other Discula spp. Mycologia 83(5):633-642. 8 p. Windham, M.T., M.E. 1993, Daughtrey and Hibben 1983). Dogwood fruits, rich in fat and protein, are a preferred food for turkeys, bobwhite quail, squirrels, rabbits, and deer, as well as numerous non-game species of birds. p. 31–35. 1992. Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County. Redlin, S.C. 1991. Annual Review of Photopathology. Two years later, Pirone (1980) noticed a widespread and rapid deterioration of flowering dogwoods in New York and Connecticut (Fig. Invasive species is the bane of parks across the city, said Chris Frelke, the city’s director of Parks, Recreation and Community Facilities. Parham, J.M. Ophiostoma ulmi. Environmental factors influence dogwood’s susceptibility to the disease. These were also the species on which the responsible agent for the disease was discovered in 2003 in a nursery in Lombardy, Italy, and in a private garden in Germany. nov., cause of dogwood anthracnose. Plant Disease 80(4):349-358. Disease severity within infected areas also has increased rapidly. Both Flint Hills National Wildlife Refuge's wetlands and uplands have been impacted by invasive plant species. Species include the common dogwood Cornus sanguinea of Eurasia, the widely cultivated flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) of eastern North America, the Pacific dogwood Cornus nuttallii of western … Red-osier dogwood is by far our most common native dogwood. Daughtrey, M.L. Dogwood anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. 2 and 3), (2) shot holes, (3) necrotic blotches at the leaf tip or along the blade periphery, or (4) blight of the entire blade (Hibben and Daughtrey 1988) (Fig. 1994, SAMAB 1996). is dogwood invasive. Dogwood; Hebes; Lavender (good for butterflies) Mahonia; Currants (Rubus) Thyme; Viburnums; Are there any other shrubs I should avoid? Ornamentals Northwest Newsletter. Caetano-Anolles, G., R.N. Leaf spots vary according to light exposure. 1996. Influence of site factors on dogwood anthracnose in the Nantahala Mountain range of western North Carolina. This site is also protected by an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate that’s been signed by the U.S. government. Stems show similar symptoms as seen in Figure 5 with a canker at the base of an epicormic branch and Figure 6 showing conidia (spores) exuded from a dead twig infected with Discula destructiva. It grows up to a height of 4 to 15 feet, and its subgenera are Swida. Redlin, S.C. 1991. Invasive Species. Like the Kousa, Cornelian Dogwoods form a canopy as they grow, making them great for shading and decoration, especially in the garden. 83:633-642. 2015-41595-24254 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Alder Dieback. Britton et al. p. 42. The Plants Database includes the following 29 species of Cornus .Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Dogwood trees are dependent on surface moisture because root networks don't penetrate to water reserves that may lie deeper beneath the slightly acidic well-draining soil they prefer. Effects of tree placement on dogwood anthracnose severity and lesion growth rates in urban landscapes and wooded areas. Landscape, Nursery, and Urban Forestry Program. Southern Region. Shrubby Cornus alba , C. sericea and C. sanguinea are grown for their vivid winter stem colour, while shrubby C.mas (the cornelian cherry) is grown for its winter flowers and summer fruits. In the Southern Appalachians, mortality is most likely at elevations above 3,000 feet. Daughtrey, M.L., C.R. Buddleia davidii is not the only shrub that has turned out to be invasive. Latin Name Common Name . This varied group of plants give great garden value. The disease kills dogwoods of all sizes, but it is most severe on young seedlings. Table 2 identifies those invasive species commonly used in gardens or landscaping, the corresponding alternative plant category, as well as some additional alternatives. Regeneration can be eliminated in some areas. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. 1992. Apply the mulch of your choice such as bark chips 3 to 4 inches deep over roots to hold in moisture. Discula destructiva sp. This specimen is also hearty, in that it perseveres transplantation and responds rather well to pruning. Natural Resources Canada. Montgomery, and K. Langdon. An organization’s internal relationships and balance affect how the organization relates to its clients and the external environment. In 1983, the fungus associated with the anthracnose on C. nuttallii was identified as a species of Discula, and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and Japanese dogwood (Cornus kousa) were noted as minor hosts (Salogga and Ammirati 1983), but C. Florida is now known as a major host that is impacted by this disease. Britton, M.T. Britton, M.T. Anthracnose was monitored on permanent plots in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park (GSMNP) from 1988-1991 (Windham et al. Adapted for eXtension.org by Thomas DeGomez, University of Arizona. 1994). Knighten, M. Windham, K. Langdon, F. Hendrix, R. and Roncadori. 1996). Introduced, Invasive, and Noxious Plants : Threatened & Endangered: Wetland Indicator Status : 50,000+ Plant Images ... Cornus L. – dogwood Species: Cornus drummondii C.A. Discula destructiva. FS. 2001. Table 1 identifies a selection of alternative plants, trees and shrubs (categories A to M) that can be used in place of invasive species. Current Genetics 39(5-6):346-354. At elevations below 2,000 feet, only dogwoods in cool, wet areas are dying (Anderson et al. Green Gardening Program. Unfortunately, much of the lake is occupied by the two invasive species: Brazilian waterweed and parrotfeather. Patterns of evolution in Discula fungi and the origin of dogwood anthracnose in North America, studied using arbitrarily amplified and ribosomal DNA. Canadian Forest Service. Drought and winter injury appear to increase susceptibility (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). Windham. Invasive plants, animals and pests are taking a toll on Wisconsin's lakes, rivers and landscapes. Davidson, Jr. 1979. The .gov means it’s official. University of Georgia. 1995). Dogwood - A Plant for all Seasons No matter where you live in Canada, chances are there is a dogwood for you. Center for Integrated Plant Systems. Maps can be downloaded and shared. 3(2):20-21. Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. There is only one genus of dogwood in Canada — Cornus — but its species come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Lantana . 1993. Figures 5-6. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar. Dogwood Tree Types. The .gov means it’s official.Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood) Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) is a small, low-branched tree with spreading horizontal branches. 77: 34-37. ... 12 Species of Dogwood Trees and Shrubs 7 Species of Daisies for Your Flower Garden 18 Species of Holly Plants 1996). Dogwood Lake is a 3.5-acre waterbody in Trumbull, Connecticut. Select the non-indigenous forest pest to view maps depicting state and county distribution. Nov., Cause of Dogwood Anthracnose. Byther, R.S. Hibben, K.O. This species is invasive, but is considered a wetland plant, so it is not counted as invasive in our survey. The section below contains highly relevant resources for this species, organized by source. Stem dieback from dogwood anthracnose (, Terrestrial (land-dwelling) invasive species, Aquatic (Water-Dwelling) Invasive Species, Public Outreach and Education Materials (Invasive species), Climate Change Impacts on Forest Diseases. Phytopathology. Mycologia. The species reproduces vegetatively by rooting along nodes and the lower stems ( EPPO, 2009b ). Salogga, D.S., and J.F. – roughleaf dogwood Subordinate Taxa. Plant Disease. Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Regional Dogwood Workshop. Seattle Public Utilities (Washington). In 1983, the fungus associated with the anthracnose on C. nuttallii was identified as a species of Discula, and flowering dogwood ( Cornus florida) and Japanese dogwood ( Cornus kousa) were noted as minor hosts (Salogga and Ammirati 1983), but C. Florida is now known as a major host that is impacted by this disease. Hibben. 1993. and R.M. Top of page The North American species Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) and C. nuttallii (Pacific dogwood) are particularly susceptible. USDA Forest Service. Dogwood anthracnose. Trigiano, and M.T. ... Bill was responsible for our invasive species strategy and deployment while I was at The Nature Conservancy. 1994. This species is less prone to becoming invasive than most species on this list. Or, to display all related content view all resources for Dogwood Anthracnose. 1994). The bark is grey and smooth with shallow ridges which develop with age, and its twigs are smooth, straight and slim. Defoliation of affected dogwoods is common in the Southern Appalachians (Britton 1993, Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). University of Kentucky. In native habitats such as sedge meadows and fens in North America, C. sericea colonizes far from clones of shrub by seed, but also advances via spreading (B Middleton, National Wetlands Research Center, Louisiana, USA, … Dogwood anthracnose: A new disease threatens two native Cornus species. Dogwood anthracnose has been reported on over 12 million acres in 180 counties (Anderson et al. The latter two are introduced species that have earned a place in American gardens because they are more disease resistant than native species. 1988. and C.R. 1983. 16 of 20. Pirone, P.P. Lower branch dieback, a new disease of northern dogwoods. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 1290. Amylostereum complex. The dogwoods are distinguished from other flowering shrubs by the clusters of small, 4-petaled white flowers and opposite (except for 1 species) leaves that are toothless and have prominent, arching, lateral veins. Extension Service. For this reason, ornamentals grown in open, sunny sites are often disfigured without being killed. Leaf buds are black and look like bristles, forming on short stalks. The various species of dogwood are native throughout much of temperate and boreal Eurasia and North America, with China, Japan, and the southeastern United States being particularly rich in native species. Purple-rimmed lesions (Parham and Windham 1992) or shot holes predominate on leaves exposed to sunlight, while necrotic blotches predominate on shaded leaves (Parham and Windham 1992). Invasive Listing Sources: Website developed by The University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health and the National Park Service in cooperation with the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England , Invasive Plant Control, Inc. , USDA Forest Service , Amylostereum complex ... Dogwood Anthracnose Disease. The https:// means all transmitted data is encrypted — in other words, any information or browsing history that you provide is transmitted securely. At Dogwood we believe that everything is connected. Below 3,000 feet, damage is most severe on moist, cool sites such as northeast-facing slopes (Chellemi et al. Anthracnose causes serious damage to two species of dogwood in natural habitats: eastern flowering dogwood (C. florida) and Pacific dogwood (C. nuttallii). Through educational outreach, strategic planning and active management we are … During that period, the number of plots with severe epidemics (more than 25 percent of foliage blighted) increased by 638 percent. The DNR is working with citizens and partners to slow the spread of invasive species. Daughtrey, M.L., and C.R. U.S. Forest Service Protection Report R8-PR 23. In the eastern United States, the disease has spread rapidly down the Appalachians, primarily on Cornus florida, the eastern flowering dogwood. 1). Visually appealing and magnets for wildlife, these plants are bound to please both the gardener and naturalist in you. Clusters of glossy red fruit in fall persist into winter and are relished by birds. dikti / Getty Images Latin Name: Various species of Lantana can be invasive. Cooperative Extension Service. 1996. In: J. L. Knighten and R. L. Anderson (eds.). By 1995, the disease had been confirmed in northern Georgia (1987), western North Carolina (1988), and as far south as northern Alabama. Also known as Chinese dogwood, Korean dogwood, or Japanese dogwood, the Kousa dogwood is a small deciduous tree or multi-stemmed shrub. Dogwood is a small shrub, widespread along the woodland edges and hedgerows of southern England. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. and M.T. It produces an abundant display of yellowish-green flowers in spring and pinkish-red berries in summer. Ammirati. 1996) Dogwood Anthracnose | National Invasive Species Information Center Hibben, K.O. Website developed by The University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health and the National Park Service in cooperation with the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England, Invasive Plant Control, Inc., USDA Forest Service, Images of dogwood anthracnose symptoms. Although the origin of dogwood anthracnose is unknown, the results of DNA analysis combined with its rapid spread have led many to conclude it was introduced (Daughtrey et al. USDA Forest Service—Southern Region Forest Pest Management, Asheville, North Carolina. The flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) is the species most people think of when the word dogwood is mentioned.Although it is considered one of the favorite trees in the south, there are two other species, kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) and Cornelian cherry dogwood (Cornus mas), which will grow in all areas of South Carolina except along the coast from Charleston to Savannah, Ga. Horticulture Diagnostic Laboratory. 1994). It was first observed in 1976 affecting a population of Cornus nuttallii in Washington state (Byther and Davidson 1979). Of the 17 species of dogwood native to North America, the four most common garden types are native flowering dogwoods, Pacific dogwood, Cornelian cherry dogwood and kousa dogwoods. Distinctive white flowers, 3″ in diameter, bloom mid-April to mid-May. Dutch Elm Disease. Other names for this tree include Gray dogwood and panicled dogwood. It grows to about 20 feet high with an 18-foot spread. 2001. It is listed as a black listed invasive species in Switzerland (EPPO, 2009b). Chellemi, D.O., K.O. In: Stipes, R.J. Windham, and S.C. Redlin. Distribution of dogwood anthracnose in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park and effects of proximity to water to plots and plot aspects on disease severity. 76:915-918. Flowering Cornus (dogwood) trees are grown for their showy coloured bracts in late spring and early summer. Swank. 1996). Mey. Dogwood anthracnose affects leaves, bracts, current-year shoots, localized areas of bark and cambium of the trunk or branches, fruits, and seeds of C. florida (Britton et al. Dogwood anthracnose and its spread in the South. Plant Disease. February 24: 34-37. National Invasive Species Information Center, Alien Forest Pest Explorer (AFPE): Alien Pest Range Maps, Early Detection & Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS) - Dogwood Anthracnose, Gallery of Pests - Dogwood Anthracnose Disease, Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States - Dogwood Anthracnose, Plantwise Technical Factsheet - Anthracnose of Dogwood (, Dogwood Anthracnose and its Spread in the South (PDF | 483 KB), How to Identify and Control Dogwood Anthracnose, Forest Invasive Alien Species - Dogwood Anthracnose, Dogwood Anthracnose - Integrated Pest Management Solutions for the Landscaping Professional (PDF | 100 KB), Fact Sheet: Dogwood Anthracnose (PDF | 245 KB), Ground Covers, Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Ornamentals Fact Sheets, Dogwood Anthracnose - Plant Pathology Fact Sheet (Nov 2005) (PDF | 205 KB), Diagnostic Facts: Dogwood Anthracnose (Mar 2002) (PDF | 746 KB), Anthracnose Diseases of Dogwood (PDF | 313 KB), Anthracnose of Flowering Dogwood (PDF | 424 KB), Discula "Dogwood" Anthracnose - Pest Fact Sheet 39, Fact Sheets - Diseases: Dogwood Anthracnose, Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook - Dogwood (, Patterns of evolution in Discula fungi and the origin of dogwood anthracnose in North America, studied using arbitrarily amplified and ribosomal DNA, Dogwood anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. Cooperative Extension. Northern Swamp Dogwood. University of Massachusetts Extension. In the GSMNP, it is estimated that more than 90 percent of the dogwoods have died in heavily shaded cove and alluvial forests. Britton, K.O. Bugwood Wiki was created to be a resource for those needing information on Integrated Pest Management, Invasive Species and … Dogwood is a small broadleaf shrub, typically found growing along woodland edges and in hedgerows of southern England. 1996). Hoffard, W.H., D.H. Marx, and H.D. The decline of dogwood populations resulting from dogwood anthracnose has several serious impacts in the Southern Appalachians. Engaging and empowering the public to help find, map, and prevent invasive species in America's wilderness areas, wild rivers, and other natural areas. Windham, and S.C. Redlin. 77:34-36. Michigan State University. 1980. Dogwood leaves also have a high calcium content and decompose rapidly. 1994. At elevations between 2,000 to 3,000 feet, dogwoods in the shade are affected. Fungal disease of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) trees (Daughtrey et al. Leaf symptoms on C. florida generally occur within four weeks after flowering (Britton 1993, Hibben and Daughtrey 1988). Mature trees can grow to 10m. Plant Disease. Emerald Ash Borer. A species profile for Dogwood Anthracnose. The crimson colour of its leaves in autumn, and its strikingly red twigs, make it a popular ornamental plant, so it is frequently planted in parks and gardens. Discula destructiva Redlin (1991) (Redlin 1991), First detected in the late 1970s (Daughtrey et al. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia. This species is known as Cornus racemose. University of Arkansas. that cause anthracnose of ash, oak, and sycamore, Redlin (1991) described and named the pathogen Discula destructiva Redlin in 1991 (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994, Daughtrey et al. Control and eradication, a primary management goal, is an ongoing challenge. Trees that survive one or more seasons of severe anthracnose usually have swollen areas on trunks and branches where cankers were enveloped by new tissue (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). Erythrina Gall Wasp. Dogwood anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. Daughtrey. Find Free Themes and plugins. Hibben, C.R., and M.L. Understory forest dogwoods are more prone to infection than trees growing in full sunlight. This plant has no children Legal Status. Discula destructiva is a fungus that has caused serious losses to North American native flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and other native and introduced species (C. nuttallii and C. kousa, respectively) of dogwood found in the natural environment and in ornamental plantings. 1995. Overall, vigorous trees tend to be less damaged than weak trees. USDA. Provides state, county, point and GIS data. It is native to Eastern North America and is hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8. Some, like sericea lespedeza, honeylocust, johnson grass, sumac, dogwood, and eastern red ceder, are present in some areas in large, monotypic stands. Results of the 1991 dogwood anthracnose impact assessment and pilot test in the southeastern United States. Produced by: USDA, FS, Forest Health Protection, and its partners. Cornus kousa, C. alternifolia and C. amomum are reported as relatively resistant (Sherald et al., 1994). Agrilus planipennis. 72:199-203. The New York Times. Hibben. National strategy for special forest products. Brown. C. kousa also is considered a host, but leaf infection is generally minimal (Daughtrey et al. Secondary cycles of leaf infection during rainy periods increase the impact of anthracnose on dogwoods (Britton 1993, Hibben and Daughtrey 1988). In general, damage is most severe at elevations above 3,000 feet, where forest and ornamental dogwoods may be eliminated. 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