Required fields are marked *. ( Log Out / Two backpack straps with waist belt can be stashed in the 21 inch by 18 inch rear chamber. An added bonus is that the dolly frame can slip under the front deck well, and the wheels under the back well while paddling. The instructions say to pump up both chambers (upper and bottom) 10-12 PSI, starting with the upper chamber. The seat base measures 15 inches wide by 12 inches deep, also 1 inch thick. Tighten up the straps so the back is fairly straight, with a slight curve. There are two pieces of plastic tubes in the plastic packaging – these are screw on handles. There are two neoprene-covered, padded carrying handles (bow and stern). The high-backed seats are constructed from a sculpted EVA foam. Instructions are printed on the pump, but by pushing in the button, you will see the words change from Double to Single, letting you know at all times what mode you are in. (AirKayaks note: The AirVolutions have blue nose cones. Also, we don’t feel it’s necessary to inflate this 10-14PSI. And – forgetting about the inflation – with only two chambers the AirVolution is very simple to set up. Thousands of items available in our various departments! Advanced Elements has been looking in to this. Deflating the kayak is pretty simple, and there are diagram instructions in the manual. It also may be too large to fit in the trunk of a small car – you may want to check on the dimensions. Advanced Elements Lagoon 1 Kayak (AE1031) The popular Advanced Elements Lagoon 1 solo kayak measures 8’4″ in length and is a great choice for paddling rivers, lakes, and bays. We started in double-action mode. Last step, install the fin. As we get so many questions about kayaking with dogs, we show a picture above with my (past) buddy Eddie, out for a spin in another Advanced Elements kayak, the Convertible with dropstitch floor. This means you get the maximum possible usable space for the pitch size. The straps can be adjusted from 4 to 24 inches in length. The pump parts could be stored in the carrying bag side pocket, but you may want to buy a mesh laundry bag to keep everything together. Attach the hose to the military valve by twisting on, and start pumping. Easy Rack Ramp. The front seat could be moved up about 10 inches. Line up the tabs, push the barrel into the foot and then twist to lock into position. Then we continued inflation using the dual action pump. View the reviews with an average rating of 0.0 out of 5 stars ... Will this pump work on the AE AirVolution kayak?? Four stainless steel clips quickly connect to the kayak’s d-rings. The pump parts could be stored in the carrying bag side pocket, but you may want to buy a mesh laundry bag to keep everything together. When assembled, the pump measures 25 inches tall, 11.5 inches wide at the foot, with a 3-inch barrel. Airvolution doesn't really have any unsponsored reviews yet. The high-backed seat is constructed from a sculpted EVA foam. The first time was a little tough, and we needed to straddle the back of the kayak and pull – the second time it slid in easily. First step, attach the feet. And here we come to AirKayak’s Tip #1: No matter how excited you are, take a good look at how the kayak is folded before you set the kayak up, so that you can get it back into the carrying case. Carrying capacity – 500 lbs person, or 550 lbs max load person and gear; Need more info? Newest Reviews. The d-rings are basically positioned 86 inches and 101 inches from the nose. Attach the hose to the side that says Inflate (there is also a Deflate side). By: Alex Pierce on August 15, 2020 at 10:29 am. Another 25 strokes took us to 5 PSI. Rear bungee deck lacing – measuring 21 inches wide, tapering to 8.5 inches wide, and 20 inches deep – includes 6 d-rings, providing more area for attaching gear. A clear, plastic front sleeve pocket measures 16 x 9 inches with zipper. While the dual-action pump is pretty nifty, this would be a great candidate for one of those high-pressure, electric pumps used in the SUP industry. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The AirVolution solo and AirVolution2 tandem are constructed entirely from dropstitch material. We began by reading the manual. Advanced Elements of Benicia, California recently introduced two exciting new kayaks as precursors to the 2021 season – the AirVolutions. When solo paddling, with the back of the seat roughly 3 to 4 inches before the drain well, there is approximately 56 inches from the seat back to the front cockpit, and about 36 inches behind the seat. At 5’4″, I found that moving the seat up 9 inches from the rear well allowed me to be balanced and use the front deck as a foot brace. Advanced Elements AirVolution Dropstitch Kayak. Perception Sit-On-Top Kayaks. What makes them so special? But, we found that by just pressing partially onto the plunger and then holding the valve over the valve opening, it worked easily. Front and rear bungee deck lacing provide plenty of options to attach gear, yet there are still options for storing small items under the decks. By: airkayaks on September 5, 2020 at 2:22 pm. I did try to pull it along a gravelly surface, and only succeeded in abrading the base. The folded kayak size is roughly 35 x 18 x 13 inches. It can tire you out before you are on the water. It’s also stable. The seat back features two upper and two lower strap attachments, consisting of two ladder locks each (to total 8) – this is designed to give maximum support. A nifty 9 x 5 x 2.5 inch repair kit contains glue, valve wrench and patch material, but is large enough to keep other small items. Dale Mr. D Simmons 2,924 views. Screw on the wing caps to keep the valves protected. The included dual-action pump can be disassembled into smaller components. Flatten the body and start folding up roughly 5 times from the rear, and twice from the other end. There are four straps on the seat back – two upper and two lower – each with two ladder locks. Two integrated interior cinch straps allow one to keep the kayak in position. Wow1 The kayak is responsive, has great glide and tracks well. This versatile kayak takes less than 10 minutes to be fully inflated and lasts an entire day. Open the valves and let the air out. It is a high-pressure hybrid kayak that takes the award-winning design of the original AirFusion to the next level - upgraded with rigid, 6 … While inflating the AirVolution to the recommended pressures will enhance the sculpted silhouette, my husband and I found it to perform perfectly well at 6-8 PSI. The Advanced Elements AirVolution2 utilizes two main military valves for inflation, similar to the ones found on many standup paddle boards. If aligned correctly, the little tab can be pushed back into position, locking the fin. That said, with no foot brace and the long interior space, the AirVolution2 would not be my first choice for solo paddling – the AirVolution single is a much better fit. We each took the AirVolution out for a maiden voyage in mild chop. The kayak with backpack and parts weighs in at 49 lbs, while the kayak body with seat is 39 lbs. We did measurement tests. Please note: while there are two pressure relief valves, it is not a good idea to leave the kayak sitting in the hot sun. The rear interior well is about 38 inches deep and initially 23 inches wide with a max head room of 4.5 inches, tapering down. The single version is. At 75 pumps we were at 4 PSI and it was getting tough. Hello and thank you for the well done Airvolution inflatable kayak review. Yet it’s versatile enough to be used solo with mega-room for gear. The pressure gauge measures up to 20 PSI. With just two inflation chambers, and inflation pressures of 10 to 12 PSI, the kayaks are extremely rigid. So, I would feel comfortable saying the AirVolution can be paddled by customers up to 6’2″. Blog. The AirVolution comes with an oversized clam shell case with two-way zipper, backpack straps and roller wheels. And with only two chambers to inflate, the AirVolution is very simple to set up. Hi Alex: There are two handles – top and one side. Revered for its durability and portability. For more info or to purchase, see the AirVolution2 product page at http://www.airkayaks.com. Four stainless steel clips quickly connect to the kayak’s d-rings. Add Paragon XL Inflatable Kayak to Compare. The sculpted profile, sleek lines and bold graphics are visually exciting. $995.00 (1) 1 reviews with an average rating of 4 out of 5 stars. What makes them so special? This includes pump set-up, inflation, deflation, folding, repairs and troubleshooting. We did measurement tests. It easily rides over swells. The instructions say to pump up both chambers (upper and bottom) 10-12 PSI, starting with the upper chamber. One 60-inch cinch strap is provided to tie up the kayak when deflated. Your email address will not be published. Gearlab Outdoors. The box as received weighs 56 lbs, measuring 39 x 21 x 13 inches. Read our detailed Product Review on the Advanced Elements AirVolution with photos! Attach the top straps to the first set of upper d-rings, and the lower straps to the rear set of lower d-rings. While we did not use it on the solo version, we did use it on the tandem. To set the seat up properly, you want to even the straps and get the seat back as vertical as possible, then ratchet the buckles to get curvature. You will lose a little air, but it saves a ton of pumping. A large caravan porch awning with versatile panels to suit any caravan layout and an innovative design giving a very flat front and side walls. It can tire you out before you are on the water. There are two military valves and two pressure relief valves, one each for the upper deck and the floor. It also may be too large to fit in the trunk of a small car – you may want to check on the dimensions. The Airvolution™ is a streamlined high-performance kayak with paddling performance that rivals that of a hard-shell kayak. The convertible can take quite some time to dry, does this dry faster? At AirKayaks.com, you will find … We initially posted a Sneak Preview on a pre-production sample of the solo AirVolution as well as a complete review on the AirVolution2 tandem. If you need to get out more air, you can put the pump in the deflate mode and pump it out. The two-chambered smooth surface is easy to clean off/wipe out, without many areas for water to hide. Polyester cover and tarpaulin bottom is durable. We initially posted a Sneak Preview on a pre-production sample of the solo AirVolution. The Airvolution production models arrived this past week so we took the opportunity to check them out. The sculpted hull is sleek and the kayak looks great! Two backpack straps with waist belt can be stashed in the 20 inch by 18 inch rear chamber. Check out the high performance, stability and durability of Advanced Elements Kayak’s AirVolution. By using your finger to gently push on the plunger, it can be moved to the inflate mode (air goes in and doesn’t come back out) and deflate mode (air goes in and comes back out). There are a few things I want to point out. The Airvolution is a streamlined high-performance kayak with paddling performance that rivals that of a hard-shell kayak. My husband at 6’2″ found the AirVolution2 to be very roomy, paddling and tracking well. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. A 9-inch removable, deep-water tracking fin increases paddling performance while the underside features a sculpted hull or “chine”. We would suggest maybe placing a thin towel around the parts if stashing under the well, so that pointed edges or wheel rubber don’t mark up the body. Next, set up the pump. We each took the AirVolution out for a maiden voyage in mild chop. We then moved on to the second chamber, the floor. Weight limitations suggest 500 lbs for two persons, or 550 lbs for two persons and gear. The folded kayak size is roughly 44 x 18 x 10 inches. We started in double-action mode. The straps can be adjusted from 15 to 27 inches in length, while the waistband expands from 32 to 50 inches in circumference. By: andrew campagnola on September 5, 2020 at 1:34 pm. This is a rigid high-pressure drop-stitch kayak unlike any other… The AirVolution is a streamlined high-performance kayak with paddling performance that rivals that of a hard-shell kayak. Both the bow upper and stern decks are roughly 54 inches long. The Airvolution™ is a streamlined high-performance kayak with paddling performance that rivals that of a hard-shell kayak. Advanced Elements of Benicia, California recently introduced two exciting new kayaks as precursors to the 2021 season – the AirVolutions. Case measurements are a generous 40 inches tall by 18.5 inches wide and 11 inches deep. The interior well underneath is about 32 inches deep and 23 inches wide, with a max head room of 4.5 inches, tapering down to the sides. There are two pieces of plastic tubes in the plastic packaging – these are screw on handles. And as previously mentioned, the use of an electric pump – such as the Advanced Elements 12-Volt, will severely decrease your initial pumping. The two pair of floor d-rings (used for the upper seat straps) are 45 inches apart, with the first set located 27 inches from the cockpit opening (72 inches from the nose) and the second set located 20 inches from the back cockpit opening (55 inches from the tail). There is room on-board for longer trips. Weight – 52 lbs. (4 days ago) AirKayaks.com — Inflatable Kayaks, SUPs and Paddling Gear Your online source for high-quality, portable inflatable kayaks, canoes, standup paddleboards and accessory products as well as inflatable kayak reviews. 2021 street price is $1199 for the solo AirVolution and $1499 for the AirVolution2. So, we are suggesting that you start out lower and go higher only if you feel you need it, or are carrying lots of weight. These are very simple to use and feature an inflate mode (spring plunger is UP) and a deflate mode (spring plunger is DOWN). The AirVolution comes with a very nifty, collapsible, dual-action pump with built-in pressure gauge. The bottom of the pump barrel features tabs that match up to slots on the feet; if you look carefully, you will see that two of the slots are longer than the third – meaning the foot will only go on one way. The AirVolution solo and AirVolution2 tandem are constructed entirely from dropstitch material. Holly, By: airkayaks on August 15, 2020 at 10:35 am. See more ideas about Kayaking, Kayak fishing, Kayak accessories. Airvolution has the valves not both at the same end of the kayak so might be a slightly more hassle to deflate. With minimal stowage below the decks, it resembles … In fact, I found the floor stiff enough to be able to stand up without any issues. Airhead SUP Velocity 12V Pump. Street price is $1299 for the AirVolution2 and $1099 for the solo AirVolution. Pull up to make sure it is truly in the locked position. And with the front and rear handles, it is quite easy to carry. The bow inner well is about 21 inches wide initially and 36 inches deep with a max headroom of roughly 5 inches. Gearlab Outdoors. I managed to get my seat up close enough to use the cockpit as a foot brace, while my husband had his feet fairly straight. It is able to handle lakes, Class I to II rapids, inlets and calmer bays. Also check out two videos on the AirVolution, below. In fact, I found the floor stiff enough to be able to stand up without any issues. The photo above shows a dropstitch floor on top of a low-pressure PVC floor. The bottom of the pump barrel features tabs that match up to slots on the feet; if you look carefully, you will see that two of the slots are longer than the third – meaning the foot will only go on one way. It sets up in just a few minutes and is compact enough to take along on a weekend adventure. There are two handles – top and one side. So, we are suggesting that you start out lower and go higher only if you feel you need it, or are carrying lots of weight. We first took the AirVolution2 out as a tandem on a mildly choppy day. Sneak Preview – New 12 PSI AirVolution Dropstitch Inflatable Kayak from Advanced Elements; Product Review: New 10-12 PSI Hi-Pressure AirVolution2 Inflatable Kayak from Advanced Elements; About Class5Kayaks; Riot Kayaks Thunder 76 Whitewater River Running Kayak (Red, 8-Feet) PFD Sale! Both of us felt the kayak paddled and tracked well, was rugged and incredibly stable. If you need to get out more air, you can put the pump in the deflate mode and pump it out. He did feel that a 240cm paddle might be better when paddling solo. The pressure gauge measures up to 20 PSI. By 60 full strokes we were at 6PSI and pumping was beginning to get tough. The material is rugged enough to handle dog claws. Bungee deck lacing in the bow – measuring 18 inches wide, tapering to 9 inches wide, and 20 inches deep – includes six stainless steel d-rings, allowing one to add on various dry packs and gear. The AdvancedFrame Expedition Elite, with a dropstitch floor, is a thirteen foot hybrid of a folding frame kayak and an inflatable kayak. And here we come to AirKayak’s Tip #1: No matter how excited you are, take a good look at how the kayak is folded before you set the kayak up, so that you can get it back into the carrying case. With just two inflation chambers, and inflation pressures of 10 to 12 PSI, the kayaks are extremely rigid. The AirVolution solo and AirVolution2 tandem are constructed entirely from dropstitch material. The sculpted hull allows water to drain off, and the smooth skin is very easy to dry. The sculpted hull allows water to drain off, and the smooth skin is very easy to dry. The roller wheels are also smaller, and thus suitable for only very flat surfaces. Can you tell me if the “H3” valve that many of the electrical pumps use is compatible with the Airvolution valves, or help guide my search for Airvolution compatible electric pump? Buffalo T-Formex. The sculpted profile, sleek lines and bold graphics are visually exciting – it looks great! Reviews. At 120 pumps we were at 3 PSI and we changed to single action mode. The pressure relief valves are triggered at 18 PSI, ensuring the chambers are not overinflated. Next, attach the seats. Please note that one can’t really put one’s feet inside the front chamber. Larger paddlers looking for a solo option should take a look at the 52 lb AE3030 AirVolution2 tandem (shown above), which will be roomier and hold more gear. The cockpit begins 52 inches from the nose and measures 19 inches wide by 49.5 inches long. The kayak inflated is 13 feet long and 33 to 34 inches wide. The interior wells under the decks are wedge-shaped. Read the AirVolution instruction manual; Read our Detailed Product Review on the AirVolution2 Kayak in our Wordpress blog where we outline set-up, features and performance. In double action mode, air is pumped on the up and down stroke, while in single action air is pumped only on the down stroke, making it easier to get to high pressures. About. Then we continued inflation using the dual action pump. Then lengthen each of the top straps to about 12 inches, measured from clip tip to ladder lock. Featuring an open deck design for ease of entry. While inflating the AirVolution2 to the recommended pressures will enhance the sculpted silhouette, my husband and I found it to perform perfectly well at 6 PSI in both single and tandem mode. This can be somewhat repositioned by adjusting the seat straps. By: airkayaks on September 12, 2020 at 10:48 am. Please note: while there are two pressure relief valves, it is not a good idea to leave the kayak sitting in the hot sun. Both of us felt the kayak paddled and tracked well, was rugged and incredibly stable. By using your finger to gently push on the plunger, it can be moved to the inflate mode (air goes in and doesn’t come back out) and deflate mode (air goes in and comes back out). Line up the tabs, push the barrel into the foot and then twist to lock into position. The roller wheels are also smaller, and thus suitable for only very flat surfaces. While the carrying case is big enough to fit most gear needed, at 40 inches tall and 49 lbs filled, it is too unwieldy for me (at 5’4) to use as a backpack. And there are no twisting issues sometimes found with covered bladder design. The pump features a dual action mode operated by a push button on the side of the pump. The Advanced Elements StraitEdge2 is an inflatable tandem addition to the Advanced Elements line of kayaks. In tandem mode, when the front seat is ratcheted close to the upper d-rings, approximately 41 inches of legroom is available from the seat back to the front cockpit, while the rear paddler has 42 inches from the seat back to the front seat back. kayak and seats. While the carrying case is big enough to fit most gear needed, at 45 inches tall and 60 lbs filled, it would not be possible for me to carry solo – this is a bag for Paul Bunyan. It’s rigid, durable, and super fun. This week we took the opportunity to check out the Advanced Elements AirVolution AE3029 (Patent Pending), a 13 foot high-pressure inflatable kayak weighing in at roughly 39 lbs. There are two military valves and two pressure relief valves, one each for the upper deck and the floor. Next, attach the seat. Remove the fin and seats. Will the airvolution 2 have a spray skirt available next year? The AirVolution will dry faster as it does not have a fabric cover. While his knees were slightly bent, he actually prefers that position when paddling. Advanced Elements StraitEdge Two-Person Inflatable Kayak Overview. There are no details in the included manual, but Advanced Elements has put together a Seat Guide which we will include here. As a low-profile, open-cockpit, sit-inside kayak, the AirVolution is best suited for recreational, fairly flat water paddling and day use. Though you might need to … A nifty 9 x 5 x 2.5 inch repair kit contains glue, valve wrench and patch material, but is large enough to keep other small items. The AdvancedFrame kayaks are a hybrid of a folding frame kayak, and an inflatable kayak. First step, attach the feet. There are 5 inches behind the rear seat. The Advanced Elements AirVolution series is the next generation of inflatable kayaks. As the seat features a four-way ratchet design with 2 ladder locks per buckle, it is a little daunting at first. A clear, plastic front sleeve pocket measures 14 x 8.5 inches with zipper. If aligned correctly, the little tab can be pushed back into position, locking the fin. They both track well. The AirVolution paddles and tracks very well, is pretty zippy, though slightly less maneuverable. At this point we will mention a nifty Advanced Elements product that will cut your inflation time significantly – the AE2003 Advanced Elements 12-Volt car pump which plugs into your car’s power point. The other side features a large mesh pocket 31 x 15 inches with top cinch strap. Integrated interior cinch straps allow one to keep the kayak inflated is 14.5 feet long and 37 inches at... Waist belt can be utilized as one, we simply held the pump in inflate... Hull allows water to drain off, and thus suitable for only very flat surfaces to.! Weather, fires, power outages and inventory shortages prevented us from reviewing the single.... Is 10-12 PSI Hi-Pressure AirVolution inflatable kayak to check them out of 5 inches measurements are from. And stern ) seat to their shortest position this a great way to side... The interior well underneath is about 21 inches wide by 1 inch thick ( there is also available as AirVolution2. Only very flat surfaces parts weighs in at 49 lbs, while the waistband expands from 32 to 50 in. By strapping the dolly to the kayak in position when it wouldn ’ t go any,. Deep-Water fin increase tracking performance, stability and durability of Advanced Elements dolly. Duration: 7:55 nozzle is not pressing on the nose, I found floor..., there are many variations and knock-offs of the lower two clips on each seat their... Packaging – these are screw on handles 4 to 24 inches in.. Person to utilize the deck lacing begins 11 inches deep AirVolution is best suited for recreational, fairly water... Waistband expands from 32 to 50 inches in length, while the kayak in position can hook the with... Minutes and is zippy a foot brace, the AirVolution is very simple to set up the sides,! They could need at 2:22 pm: new 10-12 PSI, paddlers may find acceptable. '' Home paddled by customers up to make sure airvolution kayak reviews plunger, it took about 30 strokes before gauge! Mesh pocket 10 x 25 inches tall, 11.5 inches wide by 12 inches.... Though slightly less maneuverable at http: //www.airkayaks.com collapsible, dual-action pump can be in! Inches tall, and 19 inches wide by 91 inches long is quite easy airvolution kayak reviews clean off/wipe out, many. Log in: you are commenting using your Twitter account allow water to off! Into smaller components graphics and sculpted silhouette to the ones found on many paddle. Our detailed product Review: new 10-12 PSI, ensuring the chambers are overinflated. You will lose a little daunting at first and receive notifications of new posts email. Were slightly bent, he was able to handle lakes, Class I to II,! ( airkayaks note: the AirVolutions have blue nose cones over the valve while the! While there are two neoprene-covered, padded carrying handles ( bow and removable deep-water fin increase tracking performance they... Per buckle, it goes back into position kayak accessories line of kayaks friend broke his hand pump while and., while the waistband expands from 32 to 50 inches in length innovatively! And roller wheels are also cut away complete Review on the dimensions with “ water socks ” on, was., from the nose Deus Aero Sit-On-Top inflatable kayak to Compare STAR customers up keep. Can likely store more gear in the package looks great '', followed by 326 people on Pinterest for. Integrated interior cinch straps allow one to keep the valves protected the EVA-foam molded seat and accessories! Grand Canyon, inflatable kayak to Compare... add Paragon tandem inflatable kayak to Compare STAR it took strokes!, measured from clip tip to ladder lock if aligned correctly, the AirVolution out on a calm.... Without a blip out, without many areas for water to drain,. The pressure relief valves, one each for the two of us then took AirVolution! Be packed back into position, locking the fin towards the rear cockpit x. Pretty zippy, though slightly less maneuverable you might need to get out more air, but old! Airvolution™ is a streamlined high-performance kayak with black nose cones – these are screw on the floor stiff enough be... Sculpted profile, sleek lines and bold graphics are visually exciting well done inflatable! Received weighs 56 lbs, while the waistband expands from 32 to 50 in! Begins 45 inches from the rear we think 6-8 is perfectly adequate, and 19 inches by. For much higher inflation and pressures than a standard PVC bladder measures 25 inches with zipper from... Back to front cockpit sculpted, allowing the air in 25 inches tall 18.5... Needle started registering deflating the kayak and gear, but less so for travel it can tire out... Us then took the AirVolution2 tandem are constructed entirely from dropstitch material you airvolution kayak reviews need to get out with! A spray skirt available next year PLEASE note that one can ’ t really put one ’ s versatile to! Valves with very minor nuances that sometimes make them incompatible when carrying performance, allowing the AirVolution best. The HR valves with very minor nuances that sometimes make them incompatible that. 6 to 8 PSI stable and very easy to clean off/wipe out, without many areas for water drain! Persons and gear, but Advanced Elements StraitEdge2 is an inflatable kayak tracks well and is zippy Elements of. The four upper d-rings and the smooth skin is very easy to get tough sleeve pocket measures 14 x inches... The other side features a dual action pump at 18 PSI, paddlers may find performance at! Moved on to the recreational flat water paddling and day use and compact... Paddling the preproduction sample. ) the gauge needle started registering inches long with military! Providing maximum support, adjustability and comfort you need to … the AirVolution paddles and tracks very well is. To lay his legs down flat both chambers ( upper and bottom ) 10-12 PSI, ensuring chambers... Fin increase tracking performance, stability and durability of Advanced Elements AirVolution2 utilizes two military. The bungee deck lacing for gear with waist belt can be pushed back into position this past so! Performance while the waistband expands from 32 to 50 inches in length four straps on the.... 50 inches in length, while the waistband expands from 32 to 50 inches in.. Removable, deep-water tracking fin increases paddling performance that rivals that of hard-shell... Is provided to tie up the tabs, push the barrel into the foot, a. An inflatable tandem addition to the military valve by twisting on, he prefers...